requestId:684c3e4aac20a1.72373715.
“Profit is enough to live a life and become a living”
——A aspect of Xunzi’s principle of assignment
Author: Dong Fangshuo (produced by the School of Philosophy of the Dark School of Science and Technology)
Source: “Social Science”, 2021 No. 4
Abstract
Xunzi divided the social organization into two major levels: gentlemen’s strength and righteous people’s rule. On the assignment system, he tried to establish a society of “group harmony” based on principles such as differences. For the level of governing others, Xunzi emphasized that “virtue must be called, position must be called, and gui must be called useful”; while for the level of the power, Xunzi proposed the “suffering principle” of “benefit enough to live a life” under the condition of “suffering principle” of “benefit enough to live a life” and the “social assistance principle” for weak groups. Although the above two principles of Xunzi’s generosity and upliftingness follow the tradition of thinking from Confucius and Mencius, Xunzi gave this to humanity, economy, morality and political management reasons in his unique theoretical system, and these evidences have obvious improvements in depth or scope.
Keywords: Xunzi; assignment; popular and popular; social assistance principles;
Scholars have long pointed out that in Confucian thinking, the division of labor system formed by social organizations can be divided into two levels: labor, energy, energy, popular or popular and common people (agricultural, industrial, commercial, etc.) and officials of various levels of the bureau. Xunzi does not believe that the existence of people in society is equal, energy, energy, energy, and power and The distinction between gentlemen is a common truth in the whole country, so it is said: “A gentleman uses virtue, and a gentleman uses strength. Strength is a battle of virtue.” (“Fuguo”) also said: “If you are young and have a long service, you will be expensive and unfilial, you will be a common meaning of the whole country.” (“Zhongni”) In contrast, in terms of the issue of assignment, Xunzi specially emphasized the principle of “virtue must be called, position must be called tulips, and position must be called tulips” (“Fuguo”), and he has already discussed this. But for the level of efforts, what are the characteristics of Xunzi’s assignment leader Zhang Bi? How did Xunzi make a statement? Less attention will be paid to this student. This is intended to provide appropriate exploration on the basis of the need for Xunzi of the Ming Dynasty.
1. “There is a division, the fundamental benefit of the whole country”
In general, Xunzi tried to establish a society of “group living and unity” through the leadership of the division of differences. In Xunzi’s own words, “the constitutional and unity of the ancestors was divided into the order of the ancestors, so that there were precious and equality of the age and the young, and the difference between fools and ignorance, they all made people do their jobs and got their own things. Then they made the grains say that there were many thick and thin, which was the way to unity and unity. … Therefore, they might be in the whole country without thinking that they were too many, or they would be in charge of the imperial voyage and to be in charge of the英文, not to think of yourself as a slim” (“Greetings and Incests”). In this case, the important meaning of “dividing” is to determine the person’s status level, and then distribute different items or rewards according to the different status level; “gu” generally refers to various advantages to be distributed; “not too much” and “not too little” refer to appropriateness and appropriateness; “a few thick and thin” refers to the appropriateness and similarity of ambition, especially the reward of a person The number of people is the same as their professional achievements or achievements. Xunzi specifically emphasized that the emperor enjoyed the worship of the whole country without thinking that he had gained too much. The income of the gate (the person who monitored the door), the imperial traveler (the person who welcomed the passenger), the liaison (the person who guarded the checkpoint), the siege (the person who patrols the logic) and others was slim, but they did not think that he had gained too little. Although there were differences between “many” and “few”, he They do not consider it differentiated. The so-called “each is suitable” and “group-to-group” society is a society that expresses a suitable, fair and corresponding society in the distribution income.
Obviously, the reason why distribution fairness (“name”) became the focus of Xunzi’s attention is that this problem is closely related to the social fantasy he built. In modern Han, the “name” one The main meaning is “fit”, and the watch refers to “fit”, “appropriate”, and “balance” expressed when two things are in contrast, which can also be extended to fairness and justice. In the book “Xunzi”, those who say “name” in addition to “number”, “country”, “example”, “rights”, and “recognition”, there are about 35 views. The important meanings mostly refer to “fits” and “standard”, and the distribution is in contact with the The fairness of the law occupies a very important position, as Xunzi said:
The virtue must be called the position, the position must be called the romance, the romance must be called the romance, and the romance must be called the romance, and the romance must be used as the romance, and the romance must be used as the romance, and the romance must be used as the romance. (“Fuguo”)
Therefore, the romance of the ancient kings was divided into the romance, so that there were precious gifts, and the difference between the romance and the young, and the ability to be foolish The difference between unbearable and unsuccessful means that people can handle the matter and get the right one. Then, make the grains have many thicknesses and thicknesses, which is the way for people to live in harmony. (“Greetings and humiliation”)
The gifts are of equal value; the ages and children are of equal value, and the wealthy and heavy are of equal value. (“Greetings” and “Greetings”)
Knowing that the system is clear, the powers are of no mud That is. (The Lord’s Way)
A thing is lost, and it is a tyrant. If virtue is not a position, one can be called an official, one can be called a meritorious, and one’s punishment is not a crime. In late December, the temperature in Nan’an City, which had just snowed, had dropped to below zero, so it is not a big deal. (The King’s Note)
The “name” mentioned above in Xunzi is related to the subject of the assignment. It means “fit” and “appropriate” when two things are in harmony. For example, precious and treasure, Xie Xi suddenly realizes that he has met an unexpected benefactor (and lover): wisdom and foolishness, ability and incompetence, virtue and position, position and ecstasy, ecstasy and use, etc. In simple terms, it means that the big ones should get more, and the small ones should get less. Therefore, the so-called “fit” and “appropriate” means that each gets his place and each gets his place.It is appropriate, Xunzi said that “name” is used as a word, “number” means “French style”, and “number” means “in line with French style”. As for the term “其”, the extension of “其” has the meaning of “French”, “fair” or “standard”. In other words, abstractly speaking, “其” can also be understood as the principle or standard of distribution.
Why should a person’s career, contribution and the rewards he earns be appropriate and comparable? In terms of positive meaning, the goal of “people should do their jobs and get what they should do”. For example, officials and their talents in the bureau should practice the moral and positional terms and positions; when people are familiar with each other, they must do their jobs and get what they should do. If a person does his best to achieve his achievements and career, he will receive corresponding good expenses or treatment. In this way, what Xunzi called “representation” contains the motivation to inspire people to do their best. Everyone is happy, so the wealth of society can gain useful growth, and the society can also achieve a group of people. From the back meaning, if a person’s contribution and reward cannot be considered appropriate, such as A’s diligence and outstanding achievements in his work, he is well known, but his income is extremely weak; B’s work is dispersed and has been through and passed, but his income is similar or even more than A, then this kind of information will be transmitted, that is, his responsibility is not only for one person. How the work is produced and how big the money is, but these money has nothing to do with the rewards. In this way, people will lose the motivation and power of their efforts
發佈留言